Pentoxifylline and prostaglandin E1 action on ischemia and reperfusion of small intestine tissue in rats. An immunohistochemical study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the action of pentoxifylline (PTX) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on ischemia and reperfusion of small intestine tissue in rats, using immunohistochemical analysis. METHODS: Thirty-five Wistar rats were distributed as follows: group A (n=10): subjected to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion for 60 min, with no drugs; group B (n=10): PTX given during tissue ischemia and reperfusion; group C (n=10): PGE1 given during tissue ischemia and reperfusion; group D (n=5): sham. A segment of the small intestine was excised from each euthanized animal and subjected to immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS: Mean number of cells expressing anti-FAS ligand in the crypts was highest in Group A (78.9 ± 17.3), followed by groups B (16.7 ± 2.8), C (11.3 ± 1.8), and D (2.5 ± 0.9), with very significant differences between groups (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of pentoxifylline or prostaglandin E1 proved beneficial during tissue reperfusion. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated a decrease in apoptotic cells, while protecting other intestinal epithelium cells against death after reperfusion, allowing these cells to renew the epithelial tissue.

Pentoxifylline and prostaglandin E1 action on ischemia and reperfusion of small intestine tissue in rats. An immunohistochemical study

PURPOSE: To investigate the action of pentoxifylline (PTX) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on ischemia and reperfusion of small intestine tissue in rats, using immunohistochemical analysis. METHODS: Thirty-five Wistar rats were distributed as follows: group A (n=10): subjected to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion for 60 min, with no drugs; group B (n=10): PTX given during tissue ischemia and reperfusion; group C (n=10): PGE1 given during tissue ischemia and reperfusion; group D (n=5): sham. A segment of the small intestine was excised from each euthanized animal and subjected to immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS: Mean number of cells expressing anti-FAS ligand in the crypts was highest in Group A (78.9 ± 17.3), followed by groups B (16.7 ± 2.8), C (11.3 ± 1.8), and D (2.5 ± 0.9), with very significant differences between groups (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of pentoxifylline or prostaglandin E1 proved beneficial during tissue reperfusion. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated a decrease in apoptotic cells, while protecting other intestinal epithelium cells against death after reperfusion, allowing these cells to renew the epithelial tissue. .

Ischemia and reperfusion of rat small intestine using pentoxyfilline and prostaglandin E1.

PURPOSE: To investigate the small intestinal tissue alterations in rats submitted to ischemia and tissue reperfusion using pentoxyfilline or prostaglandin E1. METHODS: Thirty five Wistar rats were used, distributed into group control (A) n=10 were submitted to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion during 60 minutes and no one drug have been utilized. In the group pentoxyfilline (B) n=10 have been utilized during tissue ischemia and reperfusion as well as prostaglandin E1 (C) n=10, but separately. In the group sham (D) n=5, the animals were submitted to surgical. After euthanasia of the animals, a segment of the small intestine was cut, stained by hematoxilin-eosin and histological analysis according to Chiu criteria. RESULTS: Histological results showed that using pentoxyflline or prostaglandin E1 the results during tissue reperfusion were better, since the levels of criteria from Chiu that predominated were level 2 and 3, indicating less tissue damage in comparison to the control group (group A) that showed levels 4 and 5, what means more severe histological tissue alterations. CONCLUSION: Use of pentoxyfilline or prostaglandin E1 promoted a beneficial effect during intestinal reperfusion, demonstrated by less severe histological lesions in the small intestine mucosa of rats submitted to ischemia and tissue reperfusion when helped by the drugs.

Ischemia and reperfusion of rat small intestine using pentoxyfilline and prostaglandin E1

PURPOSE: To investigate the small intestinal tissue alterations in rats submitted to ischemia and tissue reperfusion using pentoxyfilline or prostaglandin E1. METHODS: Thirty five Wistar rats were used, distributed into group control (A) n=10 were submitted to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion during 60 minutes and no one drug have been utilized. In the group pentoxyfilline (B) n=10 have been utilized during tissue ischemia and reperfusion as well as prostaglandin E1 (C) n=10, but separately. In the group sham (D) n=5, the animals were submitted to surgical. After euthanasia of the animals, a segment of the small intestine was cut, stained by hematoxilin-eosin and histological analysis according to Chiu criteria. RESULTS: Histological results showed that using pentoxyflline or prostaglandin E1 the results during tissue reperfusion were better, since the levels of criteria from Chiu that predominated were level 2 and 3, indicating less tissue damage in comparison to the control group (group A) that showed levels 4 and 5, what means more severe histological tissue alterations. CONCLUSION: Use of pentoxyfilline or prostaglandin E1 promoted a beneficial effect during intestinal reperfusion, demonstrated by less severe histological lesions in the small intestine mucosa of rats submitted to ischemia and tissue reperfusion when helped by the drugs.

Apoptotic effects of inositol hexaphosphate on biomarker Itpr3 in induced colon rat carcinogenesis.

PURPOSE: To study the effect of the modulation of inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) in the biological immunohistochemistry expression of cellular signaling marker apoptosis, in model of carcinogenesis of colon induced by azoxymethane (AOM). METHODS: Wistar rats (N=112) distributed in 4 groups (n=28): Control; B, AOM (5 mg kg-1, 2x, to break week 3); C, IP6 (in water 1%, six weeks); D, IP6+AOM. Weekly euthanasia (n=7), from week three. Immunohistochemistry of ascendant colon with biological marker inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate receptor type III (Itpr3). Quantification of the immune-expression with use of computer-assisted image processing. Analysis statistics of the means between groups, weeks in groups, groups in weeks, and established significance when p

Apoptotic effects of inositol hexaphosphate on biomarker Itpr3 in induced colon rat carcinogenesis

PURPOSE: To study the effect of the modulation of inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) in the biological immunohistochemistry expression of cellular signaling marker apoptosis, in model of carcinogenesis of colon induced by azoxymethane (AOM). METHODS: Wistar rats (N=112) distributed in 4 groups (n=28): Control; B, AOM (5 mg kg-1, 2x, to break week 3); C, IP6 (in water 1 percent, six weeks); D, IP6+AOM. Weekly euthanasia (n=7), from week three. Immunohistochemistry of ascendant colon with biological marker inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate receptor type III (Itpr3). Quantification of the immune-expression with use of computer-assisted image processing. Analysis statistics of the means between groups, weeks in groups, groups in weeks, and established significance when p<0.05. RESULTS: One proved significant difference between groups in the expression of Itpr3, p<0.0001; with Itpr3 reduction of BxD group, p<0.001. CONCLUSION: Inositol hexaphosphate promotes modulation of biological markers with reduction of Itpr3 in carcinogenesis of colon.

OBJETIVO: Estudar os efeitos da modulação do inositol hexafosfato (IP6) na expressão imunoistoquímica de marcador biológico de sinalização celular de apoptose, em modelo de carcinogênese induzida pelo azoximetano (AOM). MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar (N=112) distribuídos em 4 grupos (n=28): A, controle; B, AOM (5 mg Kg-1, 2x, a partir semana 3); C, IP6 (em água a 1 por cento, seis semanas); D, IP6+AOM. Eutanásia semanal (n=7), a partir de semana três. Imunoistoquímica de colo ascendente com marcador biológico inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptor type III (Itpr3). Quantificação da imunoexpressão com uso de processamento imagem assistida computador. Análise estatística da expressão média entre grupos, semanas em grupos e grupos em semanas, e estabelecido significância quando p<0.05. RESULTADOS: Evidenciou-se diferença significante entre grupos na expressão de Itpr3, p<0.0001; com diminuição Itpr3 de grupo BxD, p<0.001. CONCLUSÃO: O inositol hexafostato promove a modulação de marcador biológico com diminuição Itpr3 em carcinogênese de colo.

Aneurisma de artéria isquiática persistente: relato de caso / Persistent sciatic artery aneurysm: case report

Os autores relatam um caso de aneurisma de artéria isquiática persistente, uma rara doença vascular congênita ocasionada por falha ou no desenvolvimento do sistema femoral ou na involução do tronco vascular primitivo durante o desenvolvimento embriológico. Um paciente de 60 anos, sexo masculino, apresentando massa pulsátil e indolor em região glútea há cerca de quatro meses, sem história prévia de trauma. Através da realização de exames complementares, concluiu-se ser um aneurisma de artéria isquiática persistente incompleta e unilateral, sendo submetido à ligadura proximal e distal da artéria isquiática, sem realização de revascularização arterial.

The authors report a case of persistent sciatic artery aneurysm, which is a rare vascular congenital disease that occurs when the femoral system fails to develop or when the primitive vascular system fails to involute during embryologic development. A 60-year-old male patient presented a painless and pulsatile buttock mass for 4 months. He had no history of external trauma. Complementary tests demonstrated an incomplete and unilateral persistent sciatic artery aneurysm. The patient was submitted to proximal and distal ligation of sciatic artery, and vascular reconstruction was not performed.

The effects of pentoxifylline into the kidneys of rats in a model of unilateral hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion injury.

PURPOSE: To study the role of pentoxifylline (PTX) on remote kidney injury caused by muscle ischemia of left hindlimb of rats. METHODS: After xylazine and ketamine anesthesia, the left hindlimb of rats (n=66) were submitted to 6 hours ischemia (clamping the left common iliac artery). Three groups were used: sham group (SG, n=6), early group (EG, n=30) with reperfusion after 4 hours and late group (LG, n=30) with reperfusion after 24 hours. The saline solution (EG1, n=10 and LG1, n=10) or PTX (40 mg.Kg-1) was administered in the reperfusion beginning (EG2, n=10/LG2, n=10) or divided in two doses in the ischemia beginning and reperfusion beginning (EG3, n=10/LG3, n=10). The plasmatic creatinokinase, urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium values were measure and histological samples from left kidney were prepared and H&E stained for scored cellular necrosis and degeneration of kidney tubules and thickness glomerulus determination. The apoptosis index was determined by immunohistochemical expression of the caspase-3. The tests of Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis (p

The effects of pentoxifylline into the kidneys of rats in a model of unilateral hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion injury

PURPOSE: To study the role of pentoxifylline (PTX) on remote kidney injury caused by muscle ischemia of left hindlimb of rats. METHODS: After xylazine and ketamine anesthesia, the left hindlimb of rats (n=66) were submitted to 6 hours ischemia (clamping the left common iliac artery). Three groups were used: sham group (SG, n=6), early group (EG, n=30) with reperfusion after 4 hours and late group (LG, n=30) with reperfusion after 24 hours. The saline solution (EG1, n=10 and LG1, n=10) or PTX (40mg.Kg-1) was administered in the reperfusion beginning (EG2, n=10/LG2, n=10) or divided in two doses in the ischemia beginning and reperfusion beginning (EG3, n=10/LG3, n=10). The plasmatic creatinokinase, urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium values were measure and histological samples from left kidney were prepared and H&E stained for scored cellular necrosis and degeneration of kidney tubules and thickness glomerulus determination. The apoptosis index was determined by immunohistochemical expression of the caspase-3. The tests of Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0.05) were applied. RESULTS: The urea (90.5 ± 30.96 mg.dL-1), creatinine (2.28 ± 0.54 mg.dL-1), potassium (16 ± 3.66 mmol.dL-1) and mesangium thickness (0.97 ± 0.42 µm) values were significantly higher in group LG3. There was no significantly difference of caspase 3 expression between EG2 (16.35 ± 1.65 percent) and LG3 (15.57 ± 2.54 percent), and both were significantly worse than SG (9.8 ± 1.98 percent). CONCLUSIONS: The PTX has some protecting effect on remote kidney injury due to hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion injury only in the early phase of reperfusion.

OBJETIVO: Estudar o papel da pentoxifilina (PTX) nas lesões à distância no rim causadas pela isquemia no membro posterior esquerdo de ratos. MÉTODOS: Sob anestesia com xilazina e quetamina, o membro posterior de ratos (n=66) foi submetido a 6 horas de isquemia pelo clampeamento da artéria ilíaca comum esquerda. Foram estudados três grupos: grupo simulado (SG, n=6), grupo precoce (EG, n=30) após quatro horas de reperfusão e grupo tardio (LG, n=30) após 24 de reperfusão. A solução salina (EG1, n=10 e LG1, n=10) ou a PTX (40mg.Kg-1) foram administradas no início da reperfusão(EG2, n=10/LG2, n=10) ou divididas em duas aplicações no início da isquemia e no início da reperfusão (EG3, n=10/LG3, n=10). Foram medidos os valores plasmáticos da creatinofosfoquinase, uréia, creatinina, sódio e potássio. Amostras do rim esquerdo foram preparadas e coradas em HE para realizar o escore de necrose de células tubulares renais ou presença de obstrução tubular renal na área do córtex renal e da presença do espessamento do mesângio glomerular. O índice de apoptose foi determinado pela expressão imunoistoquímica da caspase-3. Foram aplicados os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0.05). RESULTADOS: a dosagem de uréia (90,5 ± 30,96 mg.dL-1), creatinina (2,28 ± 0,54 mg.dL-1), potássio (16 ± 3,66 mmol.dL-1) e a espessura do mesângio(0,97 ± 0,42 µm) foram significantemente maiores nos animais do grupo LG3. Não houve diferença significante na expressão da caspase-3 entre os grupos EG2 (16,35 ± 1,65 por cento) e LG3 (15,57 ± 2,54 por cento) e ambos foram significantemente piores que o grupo SG (9,8 ± 1,98 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A PTX oferece algum efeito protetor nas lesões à distância nos rins de animais submetidos à lesão de isquemia e reperfusão de membro posterior, no período de até quatro horas após a reperfusão.

Isquemia e reperfusão de músculo sóleo de ratos sob ação da pentoxífilina / Ischemia and reperfusion of the soleus muscle of rats with pentoxifylline

Contexto: A reperfusão de músculo esquelético piora as lesões ja presentes no período de isquemia, pois a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio, associadas à intensa participação de neutrófilos, amplia a reação inflamatória que induz alterações teciduais. Objetivo: Avaliar as alterações morfológicas e imuno-histoquímicas de músculo esquelético (sóleo) de ratos submetidos a isquemia e reperfusão com pentoxifilina. Métodos: Sessenta ratos foram submetidos a isquemia do membro pélvico, por 6 horas, pelo clampeamento da artéria ilíaca comum esquerda. Após isquemia, os animais do grupo A(n igual a 30) foram observados por 4 horas, e os do grupo B(n igual a 30), por 24 horas. Seis animais constituiram o grupo simulado. Administrou-se pentoxifilina apenas no período de reperfusão em A2(n igual 100) e B2(n igual 10) e nos períodos de isquemia e reperfusão em A3(n igual 10) e B3(n igual 10). O músculo sóleo foi avaliado por análise histológica (dissociação de fibras, infiltrado leucocitário, necrose) e imuno histoquímica (apoptose pela extensão da caspase-3). Foram...

Pé diabético: aspectos clínicos / Diabetic foot: clinical aspects

Objetivo: Estudar os aspectos clínicos do pé diabético, uma vez que o mesmo constitui uma complicação crônica, de etiologia frequentemente multifatorial, com comprometimento vascular, neural articular e infeccioso. Método: Análise retrospectiva de 56 casos de pé diabético avaliados pelo serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular do Hospital Universitário de Mato Grosso do Sul (NHU/UFMS) no período de 1998 a 2002. Resultados: A patologia prevaleceu em indivíduos do sexo masculino, entre 51 a 70 anos, portadores de diabetes tipo 2 em uso de hipoglicemiantes orais e com duração inferior a 10 anos. As manifestações clínicas mais comumente encontradas foram aumento de volume dos membros, dor e hiperemia. Foram realizadas amputações em 71,4 por cento dos casos, sendo que, destes 55 por cento foram do tipo menor (distal ao tornozelo) e 45 por cento foram do tipo maior (proximal ao tornozelo). A causa mais comum do pé diabético foi a neuropatia (48,2 por cento), e a doença arterial periférica foi a principal causa de amputação. A prevalência de amputações em pacientes portadores de pé diabético foi de 73,2 por cento...

Vasculite leucocitoclástica crônica: relato de um caso e revisão bibliografica / Chronic leukocytoclastic vasculitis: case report and literature review

Os autores apresentam um caso de vasculite cutânealeucocitoclástica secundária a medicamentos, com lesões segmentares na pele. Uma paciente de 39 anos, branca, sexo feminino, com antecedente de uso de penicilina nos sete dias anteriores à consulta, apresentou lesões cutâneas multissegmentares e simétricas em quase todoo corpo, com predomínio nos membros inferiores, abaixo do joelho,e sem incidência apenas no pólo cefálico e nas regiões palmares e plantales. A avaliação da paciente baseou-se no estudo clínico, nos exames laboratoriais, na documentação fotográfica e na análise histopatológica,que revelaram elementos compatíveis com o diagnóstico de vasculite leucocitoclástica. A paciente foi submetida a tratamento clínico com imunossupressores e corticóides, sem resposta clínica adequada. De acordo com a literatura médica, supõe-se que essas lesões necrotizantes da pele estejam imunologicamente relacionadas, na maioria das vezes, ao uso de drogas e geralmente respondem bem ao tratamento clínico.